Coding theory:
- (communications) NASA and Mars rover
Number theory:
- (cryptography) Online banking security
- (chemistry) balancing chemical equations using Diophantine equations.
Group theory:
- (chemistry) Molecules and Rubik's cube
- hexaflexagon:
- a template
- instructions on folding (This is just one way to fold it? I found the instructions on this page easier to follow than those on some other webpages.) This page also tells you how to flex a hexaflexagon.
- a YouTube video on the flexahexagon
- braid groups:
- a braid applet by Stephen Bigelow